Global Experts Meeting on
Psychiatry and Mental Health

Mental Health is the base for well-being and active functioning for an individual and for a Community. Neither mental nor physical health can exist alone. Mental, physical, and social functioning is interdependent. Mental health and mental illness are determined by various and interacting social, psychological, and biological factors, just as health and illness in general. Positive mental health has been variously conceptualized as a positive emotion (affect) such as feelings of happiness, a personality trait inclusive of the psychological resources of self-esteem and mastery, and as resilience, which is the capacity to cope with adversity. An aspect of good mental health is the capacity for mutually satisfying and enduring relationships.

Mental disorder is a cause of disorder in brain that can change the mood, thinking or behaviour of an individual and it’s believed to cause of genetic, biological and environmental factors. Some of the most common mental illnesses include anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. There is an unclear statement for causes of Mental illness but most of the mental illness where consider as heredity which is the passage of gene from parents to children in Families. The Mental illness might disturb the ability of a person like function, Communication with others. This state can be temporary, lasting a few months or years, or it may be chronic and affect the person their Perfect life. Successful treatments and Interventions used to overcome mental illness/Mental disorder.

Child & adolescent psychiatry focus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mental disorders in children as well as adult. Child and adolescent psychiatry has the multidisciplinary channel disorder of emotion and behavior that have their origins in neurophysiology, genetics, and in environmental factors that affect the child's growth and development. Most common childhood mental disorders are anxiety disorders, depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Normally the children with mental disorder will have lower achievement in the education and great involvement in the criminal justice system.

Various treatments are available for treating child mental disorder/mental illness like several effective medications, educational or occupational interventions, as well as specific forms of psychotherapy. In a year almost one- fourth of children and teens experience some type of mental disorders.

Any behavioural that is out of control in some way is predicted to addiction. Some of the behavioral addiction likes alcoholism, amphetamine addiction, cocaine addiction, nicotine addiction, opiate addiction, food addiction, gambling addiction, and sexual addiction root cause of brain damage/brain disorder. Addiction may cause health problem as well as problems at work and with family members and friends. Addicted person manage his stress and other mental health problems with the therapy. Treatment may also include Hospitalization, Therapeutic communities or sober houses and Outpatient programs.

Psychological Causes of Addiction could be sometimes individual indulges in Harmful behaviors because of an abnormality, or "psychopathology" that manifests itself as mental illness. Psychotherapy identifies, resolves psychological disorders and reconstructs the personality or improvises a person's cognitive and emotional functioning.

Suicidology focuses on suicidal behavior and suicide prevention. Suicidology has multidisciplinary field most important two primary were considered has psychology and sociology. Studies states that mortal rate of sixteen per 100,000 or one death every forty seconds by suicide. Suicidal behavior is complex and there is no single cause. In fact, several diverse factors subsidise to someone making a suicide attempt. In ratio Men are more likely to die by suicide than women for the women suicide is between the age of 45 and the men highest risk of suicide occurs at 75+ only.

Suicide is a distressed effort to escape suffering that has become intolerable. Suicide prevention is the effort of local citizen organizations, health professionals and related professionals to reduce the incidence of suicide. Teenage suicide is a serious and growing problem. Teenagers struggle to face pressures to succeed and fit in.so, sometimes they struggle with self-esteem issues, self-doubt, and feelings of alienation this leads to suicide problems.

Positive Psychology is a positive aspect of human life, such as happiness, psychological well-being and flourishing. Positive Psychology focuses on the field of examining the conversion of ordinary people into happier and more fulfilled. Positive psychology can be beneficial in treating depression. Positive psychology can be beneficial in treating depression. PERMA (Positive Emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Achievement) is an acronym that stands for the five elements developed by Martin Seligman that account for what makes up the “good life”. A number of studies have explored that positive psychological traits are associated with improvement of mental health and physical health and longevity. Positive psychiatry contributes to the development of clinical, research, and educational requirements, significantly contributes to mental health promotions, attempt to have a fresh look‚ at the ‘mental health-mental illness’ paradigm to offer a ‘people-centric psychiatry.’

Stress is primarily psychological perception of pressure. Stress releases powerful neurochemicals and hormones that prepare us for action (to fight or flee).It causes change in the body and also affects the emotion .Stress linked with some of the heart related disease like coronary artery disease, heart attack, and heart failure. Extreme reaction to stress causes panic attack. Situations and pressures that cause stress are known as stressors. Stress response begins in the brain stress might be positive; motivating force that can improve the quality of our lives at sometimes they are called Eustress. Stress evokes various response like physiological, cognitive (e.g. Difficulty concentrating or making decision) and behavioral.

Mindfulness is a state of bringing ones attention in the present moment what they are experiencing. Mindlessness pervades much of human activity. We act and interact automatically, without much thinking. Mindful attention to the present moment can be developed through meditation and mindfulness based therapies. Through mindfulness we can focus our perspective and sharpen our experience of the present moment. It originates in Buddhism, but being mindful is an ability that anybody can study. For that the person does not have to be spiritual, or have any particular beliefs, to try it. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a methodology towards psychotherapy, which was initially formed as a relapse-prevention treatment for depression. Mindfulness practice is being employed to reduce depression symptoms, to reduce stress, anxiety, and in the treatment of drug addiction.

Psychotherapy is the use of psychological methods to help a person to change mood and overcome problems in preferred way. It is the method of working with licensed therapist to develop positive thinking and coping skills and treat mental health issues such as mental illness and trauma. The main objective is to improve an individual’s mental health and well-being, to ease or decide troublesome behaviours, compulsions, thoughts or emotions and to improve the Social skills and relationships. Some mental disorders are diagnosed by using certain Psychotherapies, it is also considered as evidence based for treating psychological disorders. A psychotherapist interacts with patients to initiate change in the patient's thoughts, feelings, and behavior through adaptation. Psychotherapists provide treatment in individual and group settings. 

Forensic Psychiatry is a branch of psychiatry which deals with the law, assessment and treatment of mentally disordered offenders, the support and assistance of the court and related agencies. It includes mental disordered offenders in prisons, secure hospitals and community.  It is also concerned with the ethics of psychiatry, predictions, if possible, the enhancement if seriousness and the contribution of psychiatry to criminology and penology. It needs sophisticated understanding between mental health and law interfaces. In forensic psychiatry, the two main areas of criminal evaluation are Competency to Stand trial (CST) and Mental State at the Time of the Offense (MSO). The work of forensic psychiatry is mostly deals with courts in assessing a person’s competency to stand trial, defences based on mental disorders.

Psychosis is Condition in which the person experiences delusions, hallucinations, breaks from reality, and a variety of other extreme behavioral disturbances.  It is a symptom of serious mental disorders. This is severe enough that the person typically has to be institutionalized. The people suffering from psychosis can also have thoughts those are different to actual evidence. These thoughts are called as delusions. Sometime they also experiences loss of motivation and social withdrawal. These experiences can be frightening. People with psychosis may hurt themselves or others. Medicine and therapies are helpful in treating psychosis.

Personality states a person’s habit, attitudes as well as physical traits which are not same but have vary from group to group and society to society, everyone has personality, which may be good or bad, impressive or unimpressive. It also defined as a combination of an individual thoughts, characteristics, behaviors, attitude, idea and habits. Personality disorder is a state where the person’s attitudes, beliefs and behaviors cause became long lasting problems in their life. They are different types of personality disorders which are grouped into three categories such as Suspicious, Anxious and Emotional & impulsive. Persons suffering from personality disorder have struggle related to other folks and situation, this can a cause major problems in a person’s personal and professional life.

A mood disorder is categorized by moods or emotional states that aren’t consistent with an individual’s circumstances. The most common types of mood disorders include Major depression, Dysthymia and Bipolar disorder. People with mood disorders tend to respond well to medication – antidepressant and mood-stabilizing drugs can help correct imbalances in the brain’s chemistry.

The technique used for assessing an individual’s personality, behavior, cognitive abilities and other fields called psychological evaluation. The main aim of modern psychological evaluations is to understand someone’s psychological life that can be inhibiting their ability to feel or behave in more proper or positive ways. It is mental equivalent of physical examination. The set of tests administered to evaluate behavior, personality and capabilities of individuals called psychological assessment.  The test battery varies depending upon the referral question(s), and can include a structured interview, assessment of intellectual capability, learning/processing measures, measures of attention and memory, academic achievement measures, projective measures, self-report surveys, parent and third party checklists, and possibly in vivo observations. Testing sessions are typically scheduled during the morning when most people function at their best.

Psycho Social Rehabilitation aims to provide the optimal level of functioning of individuals and societies, and the minimization of disabilities and handicaps, stressing individuals' choices on how to live successfully in the community. It implies both improving individuals' competencies and introducing environmental changes in order to create a life of the best quality possible for people who have experienced a mental disorder, or who have an impairment of their mental capacity which produces a certain level of disability. PSR is complex and ambitious because it encompasses many different sectors and levels, from mental hospitals to homes and work settings. Hence it encompasses society as a whole. Nonetheless, it is an essential and integral part of the total management of persons disabled by mental disorders.

The people with mental health conditions are mostly plagued by discrimination as well as stigma. Stigma is a negative stereotype which sets a person apart from others. It is a reality for people with mental illness and they report that how others judge them is one of their extreme barriers to entire life. The stigma of mental illness is often interconnected to circumstance than to a person’s appearance, remains a   dominant negative attribute in Social relation. Stigma differs from discrimination. Discrimination is the behaviour of negative stereotype. They are two types of Mental Health stigma. The individuals with mental illness are characterized by prejudicial attitudes and discriminating behaviour as a result of the psychiatric label they have been given called Social Stigma. In Contrast, Perceived stigma or self-stigma is the internalizing of their perceptions of discrimination by the mental health sufferer.

Psychiatric or Mental health Nursing selected position of a nursing , which has specialized in mental health and cares for people with mental illness such as psychosis, schizophrenia, depression, bipolar disorder, dementia and many more. Nurses in this field will receive particular training in psychological therapies, building a therapeutic alliance, dealing with exciting behavior, and the psychiatric medication administration. Psychiatric nurses are experts in crisis intervention, mental health, medications and therapies to assist patients in mastering mental illnesses. They work closely with them so that they can live as productive and fulfilling lives as possible.

Till now health systems are not yet effectively reacted to the burden of mental disorders as importance, the gap between the necessity of the treatment and the facility is great around the globe. In developing and under developed countries, the number of general and specialized health workers related to mental health is completely inadequate. The main objectives of the health plan are to support active management and authority for mental health, to offer complete incorporated and approachable mental health services in community-based settings, to implement policies for advertising and prevention in mental health, to support evidence system, information and research for psychiatry.

The psychological intervention for individual’s with mental disorders, including its recent advances in the field. It also helps in identifying the barriers to the adoption of evidence-based psychosocial treatments in community-based system of care and the promising technologies (computers, web, mobile phone, and emerging technologies), to significantly improve the treatments. Technology-based interventions may provide “on-demand,” universal access to therapeutic support in diverse settings. Specific forms of therapies, family-based treatment and other psychological & Pharmacological treatment have consolidated and extended their positions as treatments of choice despite the development of novel approaches.